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THE SECURITY BLOG

Hardware teardowns, firmware analysis walkthroughs, CVE disclosures, and IoT security research from the CyberKartel team.

Firmware Analysis & Emulation: Looking Beyond "Extract and Boot"

A practical methodology for firmware analysis that goes beyond the typical extract-and-boot tutorials. Learn to identify, unpack, map, and emulate firmware effectively — without losing your mind to error messages.

Extracting Firmware From a ₹500 IP Camera Using UART — And What We Found Inside

A complete step-by-step walkthrough of identifying exposed debug ports on a budget surveillance camera, gaining serial console access, and dumping the full root filesystem. Hardcoded credentials, a private SSL key, and an open Telnet port — all for ₹500.

Debugging a Running httpd Binary Inside Firmware Using GDB [Part 1]

In IoT firmware exploitation, control comes from understanding execution at runtime. Most devices expose their functionality through a web interface, and behind that interface sits a lightweight server binary (httpd). Learn how live debugging turns crashes into controlled execution.

From Crash to Shell: Exploiting a Stack Buffer Overflow in httpd (Part 2)

We move from observation to exploitation. This post covers finding the precise offset, understanding the memory layout, crafting a two-stage MIPS shellcode, and building the final exploit to achieve a remote shell.